InforLorV4, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 003488

A method for proving observational equivalence

Identifieur interne : 003488 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003487; suivant : 003489

A method for proving observational equivalence

Auteurs : Véronique Cortier [France] ; Stéphanie Delaune [France]

Source :

RBID : Hal:inria-00426622

Abstract

Formal methods have proved their usefulness for analyzing the security of protocols. Most existing results focus on trace properties like secrecy (expressed as a reachability property) or authentication. There are however several security properties, which cannot be defined (or cannot be naturally defined) as trace properties and require the notion of observational equivalence. Typical examples are anonymity, privacy related properties or statements closer to security properties used in cryptography. In this paper, we consider the applied pi calculus and we show that for determinate processes, observational equivalence actually coincides with trace equivalence, a notion simpler to reason with. We exhibit a large class of determinate processes, called simple processes, that capture most existing protocols and cryptographic primitives. Then, for simple processes without replication nor else branch, we reduce the decidability of trace equivalence to deciding an equivalence relation introduced by M. Baudet. Altogether, this yields the first decidability result of observational equivalence for a general class of equational theories.

Url:

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00426622

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Hal, to step Corpus: 000727
to stream Hal, to step Curation: 000727
to stream Hal, to step Checkpoint: 002B51
to stream Main, to step Merge: 003571
to stream Main, to step Curation: 003488

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A method for proving observational equivalence</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cortier, Veronique" sort="Cortier, Veronique" uniqKey="Cortier V" first="Véronique" last="Cortier">Véronique Cortier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-2366" status="OLD"><idno type="RNSR">200318302K</idno>
<orgName>Combination of approaches to the security of infinite states systems</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CASSIS</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/equipes/cassis</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-160" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300291" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300292" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300293" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-866" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-242365" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300261" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300360" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-2496" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-160" type="direct"><org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-160" status="OLD"><orgName>Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LORIA</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>Campus Scientifique BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.loria.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300291" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300292" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300293" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300009" status="VALID"><orgName>Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">Inria</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt - BP 10578153 Le Chesnay Cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/en/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300291" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300291" status="OLD"><orgName>Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UHP</orgName>
<date type="end">2011-12-31</date>
<desc><address><addrLine>24-30 rue Lionnois, BP 60120, 54 003 NANCY cedex, France</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300292" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300292" status="OLD"><orgName>Université Nancy 2</orgName>
<date type="end">2011-12-31</date>
<desc><address><addrLine>91 avenue de la Libération, BP 454, 54001 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300293" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300293" status="OLD"><orgName>Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INPL</orgName>
<date type="end">2011-12-31</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-866" type="direct"><org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-866" status="VALID"><idno type="IdRef">152639071</idno>
<idno type="RNSR">200412232H</idno>
<orgName>Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">FEMTO-ST</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>32 avenue de l'Observatoire 25044 BESANCON CEDEX</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.femto-st.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-242365" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300261" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300360" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-242365" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-242365" status="VALID"><idno type="IdRef">026403188</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2188 3779 </idno>
<orgName>Université de Franche-Comté</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UFC</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-fcomte.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300261" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300261" status="VALID"><orgName>Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UTBM</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300360" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300360" status="VALID"><orgName>Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ENSMM</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-2496" type="direct"><org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2496" status="OLD"><orgName>INRIA Lorraine</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>615 rue du Jardin Botanique 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/centre-de-recherche-inria/nancy-grand-est</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Nancy 2</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Lorraine</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Lorraine</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city" wicri:auto="siege">Besançon</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Franche-Comté</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Franche-Comté</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city" wicri:auto="siege">Belfort</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Franche-Comté</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delaune, Stephanie" sort="Delaune, Stephanie" uniqKey="Delaune S" first="Stéphanie" last="Delaune">Stéphanie Delaune</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2571" status="VALID"><orgName>Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification [Cachan]</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LSV</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>Bâtiment d'Alembert 61 Avenue du Président Wilson 94235 CACHAN CEDEX</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-6862" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR8643" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-6862" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-6862" status="VALID"><orgName>École normale supérieure - Cachan</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ENS Cachan</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>61, avenue du Président Wilson - 94230 Cachan</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.ens-cachan.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR8643" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">HAL</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Hal:inria-00426622</idno>
<idno type="halId">inria-00426622</idno>
<idno type="halUri">https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00426622</idno>
<idno type="url">https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00426622</idno>
<date when="2009-07-08">2009-07-08</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Hal/Corpus">000727</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Hal/Curation">000727</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Hal/Checkpoint">002B51</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Hal" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002B51</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003571</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003488</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003488</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A method for proving observational equivalence</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cortier, Veronique" sort="Cortier, Veronique" uniqKey="Cortier V" first="Véronique" last="Cortier">Véronique Cortier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-2366" status="OLD"><idno type="RNSR">200318302K</idno>
<orgName>Combination of approaches to the security of infinite states systems</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CASSIS</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/equipes/cassis</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-160" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300291" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300292" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300293" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-866" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-242365" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300261" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300360" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-2496" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-160" type="direct"><org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-160" status="OLD"><orgName>Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LORIA</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>Campus Scientifique BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.loria.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300291" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300292" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300293" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300009" status="VALID"><orgName>Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">Inria</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt - BP 10578153 Le Chesnay Cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/en/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300291" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300291" status="OLD"><orgName>Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UHP</orgName>
<date type="end">2011-12-31</date>
<desc><address><addrLine>24-30 rue Lionnois, BP 60120, 54 003 NANCY cedex, France</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300292" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300292" status="OLD"><orgName>Université Nancy 2</orgName>
<date type="end">2011-12-31</date>
<desc><address><addrLine>91 avenue de la Libération, BP 454, 54001 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300293" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300293" status="OLD"><orgName>Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INPL</orgName>
<date type="end">2011-12-31</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-866" type="direct"><org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-866" status="VALID"><idno type="IdRef">152639071</idno>
<idno type="RNSR">200412232H</idno>
<orgName>Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">FEMTO-ST</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>32 avenue de l'Observatoire 25044 BESANCON CEDEX</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.femto-st.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-242365" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300261" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300360" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-242365" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-242365" status="VALID"><idno type="IdRef">026403188</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2188 3779 </idno>
<orgName>Université de Franche-Comté</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UFC</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-fcomte.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300261" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300261" status="VALID"><orgName>Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UTBM</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300360" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300360" status="VALID"><orgName>Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ENSMM</orgName>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-2496" type="direct"><org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2496" status="OLD"><orgName>INRIA Lorraine</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>615 rue du Jardin Botanique 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/centre-de-recherche-inria/nancy-grand-est</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Nancy 2</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Lorraine</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Lorraine</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city" wicri:auto="siege">Besançon</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Franche-Comté</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Franche-Comté</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city" wicri:auto="siege">Belfort</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Franche-Comté</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delaune, Stephanie" sort="Delaune, Stephanie" uniqKey="Delaune S" first="Stéphanie" last="Delaune">Stéphanie Delaune</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2571" status="VALID"><orgName>Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification [Cachan]</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LSV</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>Bâtiment d'Alembert 61 Avenue du Président Wilson 94235 CACHAN CEDEX</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation><relation active="#struct-6862" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR8643" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-6862" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-6862" status="VALID"><orgName>École normale supérieure - Cachan</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ENS Cachan</orgName>
<desc><address><addrLine>61, avenue du Président Wilson - 94230 Cachan</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.ens-cachan.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR8643" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc><address><country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="mix" xml:lang="it"><term>applied pi calculus</term>
<term>observational equivalence</term>
<term>security protocols</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Formal methods have proved their usefulness for analyzing the security of protocols. Most existing results focus on trace properties like secrecy (expressed as a reachability property) or authentication. There are however several security properties, which cannot be defined (or cannot be naturally defined) as trace properties and require the notion of observational equivalence. Typical examples are anonymity, privacy related properties or statements closer to security properties used in cryptography. In this paper, we consider the applied pi calculus and we show that for determinate processes, observational equivalence actually coincides with trace equivalence, a notion simpler to reason with. We exhibit a large class of determinate processes, called simple processes, that capture most existing protocols and cryptographic primitives. Then, for simple processes without replication nor else branch, we reduce the decidability of trace equivalence to deciding an equivalence relation introduced by M. Baudet. Altogether, this yields the first decidability result of observational equivalence for a general class of equational theories.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
</country>
<region><li>Franche-Comté</li>
<li>Grand Est</li>
<li>Lorraine (région)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Belfort</li>
<li>Besançon</li>
<li>Nancy</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine</li>
<li>Université Nancy 2</li>
<li>Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté</li>
<li>Université de Franche-Comté</li>
<li>Université de Lorraine</li>
<li>Université de technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><region name="Grand Est"><name sortKey="Cortier, Veronique" sort="Cortier, Veronique" uniqKey="Cortier V" first="Véronique" last="Cortier">Véronique Cortier</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Delaune, Stephanie" sort="Delaune, Stephanie" uniqKey="Delaune S" first="Stéphanie" last="Delaune">Stéphanie Delaune</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Lorraine/explor/InforLorV4/Data/Main/Exploration

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003488 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 003488 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Lorraine
   |area=    InforLorV4
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Hal:inria-00426622
   |texte=   A method for proving observational equivalence
}}

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Mon Jun 10 21:56:28 2019. Site generation: Fri Feb 25 15:29:27 2022

	Serveur d'exploration sur la recherche en informatique en Lorraine
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur la recherche en informatique en Lorraine

A method for proving observational equivalence

A method for proving observational equivalence

Source :

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri